Psychological distress among AIDS-orphaned children in rural China

Background: It is estimated that there are at least 100,000 AIDS orphans in China, a majority of them live in rural areas. Despite a growing concern on the impact of AIDS on the children, limited data are available on the psychological distress among the AIDS-orphaned children, particularly in comparison with non-orphaned children. The current study aims to fill out the literature gap.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered among 1625 children (aged 6-18 years) in Henan Province, an area with a large number HIV cases due to unhygienic commercial blood/plasma collection. Our samples included 296 double orphans, 459 single orphans, 466 children whose parent was infected with HIV, and 404 non-affected children. Standardized scales were used to assess their psychological distress.

Results: After controlling for key socio-demographic factors, psychological distress differed significantly among the four groups. Compared to non-affected children, AIDS orphans were more likely to report higher levels of depression, loneliness, and lower levels of self-esteem, future orientation, hopefulness and control over future. In general, double orphans reported highest level of psychological distress, followed by single orphans and children with HIV-infected parents, comparing to non-affected children.

Conclusion: AIDS orphans in China are particularly vulnerable to psychological distress. More research is needed to address their psychosocial needs. We call for culturally appropriate interventions to promote mental health among these children.