Domestic spousal violence against women in sub-Saharan Africa: Policy analysis and evidence from surveys

In light of recent findings demonstrating high levels of gender-based domestic violence against women (GBV) in many developing countries, we undertook a systematic policy analysis of the first and second generation Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) and other national policy documents for six sub-Saharan African countries to determine whether there are explicit policies addressing GBV. To ensure budgetary allocations, specific policies need to be included in national planning documents. GBV is inconsistently addressed and is not considered a priority issue in any of them.

The policy analysis was complemented by examination of results from comparable, nationally representative surveys (conducted 2003-2006) that gathered information on GBV in addition to other health topics. Survey findings are from the USAID-funded Demographic and Health Surveys Program (DHS). Sample sizes ranged from 2,087 to 6,293 women. About 25% of women in Malawi had experienced physical/sexual spousal violence; levels were higher in Cameroon, Kenya, Rwanda, Zimbabwe (34%-43%); and highest in Uganda (60%). One-quarter to one-half the women with GBV had experienced sexual violence.

Building on (i) the findings on the magnitude, pattern, and differentials of GBV in six sub-Saharan African countries, and (ii) the systematic policy analysis of national policy documents and plans of action, we work collaboratively with African colleagues/institutions developing effective evidence-based advocacy strategies for policy change aimed at prevention of intimate partner violence and its sequelae. We present survey findings, results of policy analysis, and use of these in advocacy for policy change.