Framing Scientific Uncertainty: The Importance of Engaging in Public Dialogue Regarding the Advancement of Nanotechnology

Environmental hazards and health risks associated with nanotechnology and the use of nanomaterials are largely unknown, and applications of nanotechnology are rapidly increasing. New nanomaterials are developed and introduced into the production of mainstream consumer goods under regulations that may not account for the unique properties of nano-sized materials, including the extraordinarily small size of nanostructures and their biological reactivity. Research on modes of exposure to and toxicological characteristics of nanoparticles remain in preliminary phases. Current standard of practice does not necessarily place the burden of proof for safety of nanomaterials on manufacturers. Several case examples from recent history provide cautionary tales on both sides of this issue: either uncritical adoption of technology (i.e. asbestos and DDT) or unmanaged public fears (i.e. GMOs) may have undesirable consequences.

In this presentation, we argue for proceeding critically with nanotechnology research and regulation. Current toxicology studies are directed toward settings in which the greatest risk of exposure is anticipated, for example, occupational exposures that may occur when manufacturing nanomaterials or working with nanomaterials post-production. Other concerns include unknown mode and rate of exposure, and bioaccumulation potential of nanomaterials. While risk assessment of nanomaterials is challenging, an important goal is to ensure safe and effective consumer products. Further, the public must be engaged in dialogue with researchers as we move forward with nanotechnology. Public health can help to pave the way for coherent policy development that will protect workers, the public, and the environment while also enabling promising applications of this emerging technology.