Online Program

289423
Effect of income inequality on health: Pathway via public health spending


Monday, November 4, 2013 : 4:50 p.m. - 5:10 p.m.

Kajal Lahiri, Ph.D., Department of Economics, University at Albany: SUNY, Albany, NY
Rui Cheng, Department of Economics, SUNY, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY
The pathways through which socio-economic disparities in a geographic area affect individual health continue to intrigue public health officials. We use information from the 2000-2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Area Resource File (ARF) and Census of Government to examine this relationship at the county as well as at the state level using self-reported health after controlling for smoking, age, education, race, gender, smoking status and racial composition of the community. This paper shows that provision of health-related public goods via public health spending is one of the pathways through which income inequality influences health. Using the well-established theory of power-weighted social decision rule from environmental economics, we show that higher degree of social disparity leads to a lower level of public health spending because people with higher income have more political power and can also seek private care as substitute for public health services. We find income inequality to have the most detrimental effect on the health of the poorest, but living in a big city mediates the effect partially. Also, high income inequality leads to inefficient level of public health spending, which largely influences the poor. Since the BRFSS income data has severe top-coded and other problems, we use household income from the American Community Survey (ACS) during 2000-2009 to fit the Dagum income distribution, and use multiple imputations to obtain synthetic Gini coefficients for each county and state for each of the sample years. We use a multi-level ordered probit model in our empirical estimation.

Learning Areas:

Advocacy for health and health education
Assessment of individual and community needs for health education
Biostatistics, economics
Diversity and culture
Provision of health care to the public
Public health or related research

Learning Objectives:
Explain why income inequality negatively affects individual health due to voter preference by the powerful majority for inadequate level of public spending on health care. Identify geographic and race/ethnic factors that explain disparities in health.

Keyword(s): Social Inequalities, Public Health Research

Presenting author's disclosure statement:

Qualified on the content I am responsible for because: I have been working on this research project for last two years as a research assistant under the supervision of my co-author of the paper and PI of the NIH project Distinguished Professor Kajal Lahiri. I have completed the empirical work, and am capable to present the results both orally and by a poster presentation. I have also presented the work at a departmental seminar.
Any relevant financial relationships? No

I agree to comply with the American Public Health Association Conflict of Interest and Commercial Support Guidelines, and to disclose to the participants any off-label or experimental uses of a commercial product or service discussed in my presentation.