The emerging epidemic of T2DM in children is stated to be recognized and appears to parallel the emerging epidemic of obesity. Random screening has not proven to be effective therefore there is a need for population based screening. This study evaluated 1066 fifth grade children. ADA criteria, which includes overweight/obesity plus two of the following factors: diabetes family history; hypertension; ethnic minority; and acanthosis nigricans (AN), was used to determine risk. AN (precursor to T2DM) an easily recognizable skin hyperpigmentation, is a sign of insulin resistance and a surrogate for hyperinsulinemia. About 1/3rd (30%) of the children were overweight/obese (BMI >85%tile or 95%tile for age and sex), 53.7% had positive family history, 19.9% had elevated blood pressure and 14.6% had AN. Overall 241 (22.6%) were deemed at risk to develop T2DM. Children with and without AN were compared on selected factors. The crude and adjusted OR was used as a measure of association. Analysis was performed by using binary logistic regression adjusted by age, gender and obesity. As expected, obesity was strongly associated with AN (OR=18.7, 95%CI 11.9,21.2). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were associated with AN OR=1.8(95%CI 1.1,2.8) and OR=1.6 (95%CI1.1, 2.5), respectively. Age was not significantly associated with AN. Males had 48% less likelihood to present AN than females (p=0.001). Being Hispanic increased the probability of having AN (OR=1.4, p=0.092). Watching TV more than 2 hours increased 80% the likelihood to present AN (OR=1.8, p<0.029). More active children at home were less likely to have AN (p=0.389).
Learning Objectives: At the end of the presentation the participant will be able to: 1. Identify risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus such as obesity and Acanthosis nigricans 2. Describe the clinical features of Acanthosis nigricans. 3. Describe the basic epidemiology of Acanthosis nigricans. 4. List major factors associated to Acanthosis nigricans. 5. Discuss the importance of the early detection of risk factors.
Keywords: Diabetes, Risk Factors
Presenting author's disclosure statement:
Organization/institution whose products or services will be discussed: None
I do not have any significant financial interest/arrangement or affiliation with any organization/institution whose products or services are being discussed in this session.