Population-based study on the prevalence and etiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia among female garment workers in Bangladesh

Senkuta Gebeyehu, MPH, Richa Mittal, MPH, and SD Harlow, PhD. Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 109 Observatory Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, 703-244-1537, sgebeyehu@dchealth.com

BACKGROUND: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), the most rampant nutritional problem encountered worldwide, is highly prevalent among women during their reproductive years, especially in developing countries. Recently, developing countries have experienced significant growth in the manufacturing sector, which employs an unprecedented number of women. These industries have poor working conditions that affect these women’s health by further exacerbating their risk for IDA.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of anemia among female garment workers and examine its association with malnutrition and menstrual morbidities.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two Bangladeshi garment industries. The study surveyed 402 female workers during a clinic visit. Data were also abstracted from medical records. Work, socioeconomic, dietary and reproductive variables were analyzed using logistic regression.

RESULTS: Anemia (<=11g/dl) was prevalent among 45.2% of the study population. Workers employed as ‘Cutter Helpers’ were at the highest risk of anemia, with odds ratio (OR) of 2.18 (95% C.I. 1.42, 3.35). Those with income <=2000Taka/month were at 70% greater risk of anemia. Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) was a significant predictor (OR=2.13, 95% C.I. 1.12, 4.13). About 62% of those who reported HMB were anemic. Logistic regression analysis showed, work area**, work overtime**, consumption of meat/fish/poultry**, lentils**, age at menarche* and HMB** as significant predictors of anemia.

CONCLUSION: Nutritional factors and heavy menstrual bleeding are associated with increased risk of anemia. These findings suggest that an integration of occupational and reproductive health interventions with preexisting nutrition-based preventive measures would be a better strategy for reducing anemia.

**P<0.05 * P<0.1

Learning Objectives:

At the conclusion of the session, the participant will be able to

1. List the major health problems that garment workers face in developing countries.
2. Articulate the intricate relationships between working conditions, nutritional intake and menstrual morbidities.
3. Recognize the need for integration of occupational, reproductive and nutritional interventions to reduce the prevalence of anemia in worker populations.

Keywords: Occupational Health, Anemia

Presenting author's disclosure statement:
I do not have any significant financial interest/arrangement or affiliation with any organization/institution whose products or services are being discussed in this session.

Unique Cohorts: Worker Health & Safety Poster Session

The 132nd Annual Meeting (November 6-10, 2004) of APHA