Antibiotic use by dairy farmers in South Carolina: A pilot evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and practices

BACKGROUND: Inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans and animals has contributed to decreased antimicrobial susceptibility in bacteria of medical importance. Resistant bacteria can be transferred from animals to humans causing public health concerns about misuse of antibiotics. The University of South Carolina and South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control are partners in the CDC-funded project "Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work on the Farm" to develop an educational program encouraging appropriate use of antibiotics, particularly in livestock. METHODS: Four pilot focus groups with 22 dairy farmers from 15 farms in South Carolina were conducted to assess dairy workers' opinions and information needs about antibiotic use in dairy cows. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis revealed that veterinarians were considered the most credible source for animal health information. Pharmaceutical company representatives were not considered helpful resources. Farmers expressed the need for written procedures about antibiotic dosage. Some were unaware that viruses could not be treated with antibiotics and that overuse of antibiotics in animals could affect human health. Significant barriers to following proper antibiotic procedures were limited finances and lack of time. The need for bilingual educational resources for Hispanic/Latino Spanish-speaking dairy workers was expressed. Desired formats for educational materials were posters, flowcharts, videos, and seminars. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this evaluation will be valuable in developing an educational program about prudent use of antibiotics for South Carolina dairy farmers. Reducing misuse of antibiotics in animals and humans alike will help preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment of disease.