Preventing heterosexual transmission of STIs and HIV/AIDS: A comparison of rural Latino male and female perspectives

Little research has focused on Latino heterosexual males perspectives on the prevention of STIs and HIV/AIDS; even less research has focused on a growing demographic –Latinos living in rural areas. Latinos are disproportionately being affected by STIs and HIV/AIDS. In 2004, Latinos accounted for 20% of all new AIDS cases but made up only 14% of the US population. Latina women are especially at risk. In 2004, heterosexual transmission accounted for 49% of Latina AIDS cases, an increase of 17% from 2002. In order for prevention efforts to be successful, it is imperative that we better understand Latino male and female perspectives on preventing STIs and HIV/AIDS and the dynamics surrounding condom use. As part of a CDC funded study, this paper will report findings from 58 in-depth qualitative interviews (average of 60 minutes) with young at-risk Latino males and females (ages 18-25) who reside in rural areas of the northwest. Recruitment and interviews were conducted by bilingual/bicultural interviewers at peoples' homes, workplaces such as agricultural farms, and public places such as soccer fields and parks. Based on the results of content analyses, we will explore what Latino male and females do to prevent STIs and HIV/AIDS, barriers and facilitators to protecting themselves, and how decisions are made to use condoms. Preliminary findings indicate that socio-cultural norms play a role but relationship factors especially influence protective behaviors and condom use actions. Implications for policies and interventions will be discussed.