An exploratory study of body mass index, self-perception of weight, and weight management goals and practices among undergraduates

Purpose: To examine BMI, self-perception of weight, and weight-management goals and practices among undergraduates. Significance: Obesity is a critical national health concern. In order to prevent obesity among undergraduates, undergraduates' weight-management goals and practices must be explored. Methods: This exploratory study used a cross-sectional survey design, with a self-administered questionnaire to examine BMI, self-perception of weight, and weight-management goals and practices among a convenience sample of 565 undergraduates, ages 18 – 29 years, enrolled at a southern university. Results: One in four participants were overweight or obese. Over half of participants were trying to lose weight (51.8%), yet the majority of participants did not obtain adequate physical activity (67.1%) and had poor diets, low in fruits and vegetables (77%), fiber (95.8%), and low-fat dairy (91.9), suggesting inconsistencies in weight- management goals and practices. Inconsistencies in perceived weight and actual weight were also observed. Females' BMI was significantly lower than males' BMI [t(562, 565)=, 5.65 p<.01], but females were more likely than males to describe themselves as overweight [X²(2, 565)=15.62, p<.01] and to report trying lose weight [X²(3, 565)=101.74, p<.01]. Finally, although there was no significant difference in BMI by ethnicity, African Americans were more likely than all other ethnic groups to try to gain weight [X²(9, 565)=20.83, p<.05] and to be physically inactive [X²(3, 565)=21.55, p<.01]. Conclusions: Gender and ethnic differences in weight-management goals and practices should be considered when planning health programs. Weight loss and obesity prevention messages should be carefully constructed to prevent the formation of body image issues.