Fall prevention in senior centers: A qualitative evaluation through focus groups

Objectives: This qualitative study assessed the impact of a risk-based fall prevention program implemented in 9 senior centers from the perspective of the senior center members.

Methods: The central feature of the program consisted of individual fall risk assessments conducted by a nurse emphasizing: vision impairment, multiple medications, postural hypotension, unsafe footwear, difficulty walking and transferring, balance problems, and environmental hazards. Tailored recommendations were provided based on risk factors identified during assessments. Group discussions were held in each senior center between 12 and 15 months following implementation of the program with a total of 60 female and 12 male senior center members. Participants were asked about the value of the fall risk assessment and program recommendations. Discussions were recorded, transcribed, and independently coded by two research team members to extract key themes in group responses.

Results: Participants reported that the fall risk assessments were particularly informative regarding medications, postural hypotension, and physical performance testing. Participants reported that they were more mindful of their surroundings and had made behavioral changes regarding footwear, environmental hazards, medications, and postural hypotension. They deemed exercise and balance as key factors in maintenance and/or improvement of their health-related quality of life. Variation existed among the senior centers regarding suggestions for future fall prevention programming. Lack of transportation was a significant barrier for Hispanic respondents.

Conclusion: The fall prevention program was widely appreciated by participants at all senior centers. Individual fall risk assessments were perceived to be helpful in increasing awareness and decreasing fall risks.