Correlation between tobacco use and hemoglobin levels in an uninsured population

The purpose of this study was to investigate any correlations between tobacco use and hemoglobin levels in an uninsured population. The sample consisted of 100 patients, aged 18-65 years of age, who receive healthcare services at a free clinic for the uninsured in Broome County, New York. The study used a descriptive, correlational design. The patient was asked to participate in the study by the researcher during the intake process. After agreeing to participate, each subject was asked about the tobacco use history. Group A consisted of patients who identified themselves as tobacco users, and Group B identified themselves as non-tobacco users. After a patient consented to participate in the study, data collection consisted of the use of four different instruments: 1.) a tobacco use self-report questionnaire adapted from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Rick Factor Surveillance System Survey Questionnaire, 2005 which included 12 questions, 2.) the Accutest® NicAlert™ Saliva Nicotine Test, an instrument used to test cotinine levels, distributed by Craig Medical Distribution Inc., Vista, CA, 3.) hemoglobin levels were collected for analysis using the Stanbio STAT-Site® Mhbg Test Kit, and 4.) a vital sign data document including patient's heart rate, blood pressure, height, and weight. Raw data was coded for statistical analysis. Data analysis was completed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 14). Findings from the study will be discussed with regard to the relationship between: tobacco use and hemoglobin levels, the amount of tobacco use and hemoglobin levels, and type of tobacco use and hemoglobin level. In addition, differences between Group A and Group B will also be discussed. Finally, the population studied will be compared to four of the national goals of the Healthy People 2010 tobacco use objectives. Implications for future studies and the needs of the community will be explored.