Research, policy, and results: The human papillomavirus vaccine and state efforts to reduce cervical cancer

Approximately $1.7 billion is spent annually on cervical cancer treatment in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, an estimated 9,700 women were diagnosed with and 3,700 died from cervical cancer in 2006. Treatment options may require a hysterectomy, limiting survivors' fertility options.

In June 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a vaccine to prevent cervical cancer and other diseases caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is contracted by 6.2 million people in the United States annually. It can cause cell mutation leading to genital cancers, the most common of which is cervical cancer.

Using data from the National Cancer Institute's State Cancer Legislative Database Program, we analyzed state-level legislative data to identify states mandating insurance coverage for cervical cancer screening and treatment, including HPV screening. In addition to outlining key events affecting legislation, awareness, and screening, data will be presented on: (1) the extent to which insurers provide coverage in accordance with American Cancer Society guidelines, and (2) the emergence of laws requiring vaccination.

Preliminary data reveal as of December 31, 2006, 25 states and the District of Columbia require specified insurers to provide coverage for cervical cancer screening. Six states require insurers to cover HPV screening. Thirteen states require creating a task force to study or raise awareness of cervical cancer. Seven states recognize Cervical Cancer Awareness Month. State policymakers' attention to expanding cervical cancer screening to include HPV testing is critical to improving public health.