Understanding the effect of physical activity on the incidence of secondary conditions in spinal cord injury (SCI): Results from a nation-wide survey

Objective: To examine the role of regular participation in physical activity as it relates to the incidence of secondary conditions over time.

Methods: Using convenience and snowball sampling individuals with SCI (N=596) from across the U.S. completed a self-report mail-in survey twice annually which includes questions regarding physical activity regimens, diagnosed secondary conditions, chronic conditions, functional capacity, assistive equipment use, therapy and gym utilization, demographics, and perceived health status.

Results: At time 1, 30 % of respondents did not exercise at all, 40% exercised only at home while 10% exercised only outside their homes. Self-reported diabetes, high cholesterol, osteoporosis, bladder and kidney stones, bowel complications, respiratory problems, urinary tract infections and skin breakdown were significantly associated with exercise activity inside and/or outside the home (p<0.05). “Exercisers” also had significantly fewer unexpected medical visits and hospital admissions. There were no significant differences in exercise activity by gender, racial/ethnic background, education or marital status. Individuals with incomplete injuries were significantly more likely to exercise compared to those with complete injuries. “Non-exercisers” reported accessibility, expense, lack of personal assistance, physical limitations and personal motivation as obstacles to exercising.

Conclusions: Findings demonstrate a relationship between exercise activity and secondary conditions. Although further examination is necessary to understand how people with SCI can best be supported in being physically active to minimize the risk of complications, the elimination of physical and financial barriers, along with an effective translation of knowledge to consumers can have an impact on the pervasiveness of exercise among people with SCI.