Increasing the public's knowledge about genetics: Utilization of genetic counselors as health educators

With the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2000, the number of genetic tests available has increased dramatically. Yet despite this “genetic revolution” studies have shown that the public lacks an understanding of basic genetic concepts. The mass media is often the primary source of genetic discoveries, but often leaves out important facts that are necessary to understanding these discoveries leading to misconceptions about how genetics research can be applied. The medical community will need genetic services, and specifically genetic counselors, to translate and make sense of complicated information about risk and susceptibility that will result from these genetic tests. A qualitative study using 39 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with genetic counselors, clinical geneticists, obstetricians, and key informants in the genetics field was conducted to further investigate the role genetic counselors can play in educating the public about genetics. Results from this study showed genetic counselors' unique position in the public education of genetics. Because genetic counselors not only understand the complexities of the science behind genetic conditions, but are also trained to be client centered and translators of scientific information, they seem to be appropriately suited for the task of raising public awareness of genetics. As genetics becomes a more pervasive part of medicine, it will be important to for genetic counselors and the public health community to educate the public about the new challenges and questions people will face because of genetic testing technology and to ensure that genetic services are properly utilized.