Orodental conditions of pediatric patients with HIV/AIDS in Baja California Mexico

Introduction: The border state of Baja California, Mexico, occupies sixth place in reported cases of HIV/AIDS. This study intends to identify the orodental conditions of pediatric patients, as they are the most vulnerable population. This information could be considered by healthcare workers to develop new policies for opportune notification. Methodology: A cross-sectional clinical study was carried out in 52 pediatric patients registered in the Department of Epidemiology of Baja California's Health Department, diagnosed with HIV/AIDS before the age of 12 by August 2006. A survey including sociodemographic variables and family personal pathological history was administered. In a calibrated manner, in accordance with WHO guidelines, an intraoral (teeth and mucous membranes) and extraoral (lymph nodes, eyes, nose, neck) exam was performed. When oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS were identified, a smear was obtained. Results: Of 29 patients examined, the mean age was 6.2±4.5 years, 55% male, 31% report hospitalization for tuberculosis or pneumonia, 62% had decayed teeth with a Mean of Caries Index of 5.8±4.9. 9% had lesions of the oral mucous membranes. 56% of patients were diagnosed for oral candidiasis, 33% with linear gingival erythema, 11% with angular cheilitis. Conclusions: The lesions encountered in teeth showed no significant differences when compared to the general population, but lesions of mucous membranes were intimately associated with the disease. If the healthcare professionals learn to identify these lesions opportunately it would contribute to better control of HIV/AIDS.