Homicides and suicides among the homeless: National Violent Death Reporting System, 2003-2006

The homeless are by definition a vulnerable population. They are highly likely to be injured and extremely susceptible to exploitation because they lack sufficient health and economic resources and possess little social and political power. In particular, the homeless are at high risk for violent victimization due to their lack of protective shelter, proximity to high crime areas, and regular engagement in risky activities. Despite this, little is known about the patterning of violent deaths among the homeless generally, across subgroups, or in relation to that observed among the domiciled. Using data from 16 states covered National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), this study describes the causes and circumstances surrounding violent deaths among the homeless to provide a more thorough and accurate description of homicides and suicides in this population and to expand knowledge concerning the extent to which violent deaths are uniquely shaped by the experience of homelessness. Preliminary data suggest that while there are not substantial differences between homeless suicide and homicide victims, each manner of death was characterized by a unique pattern regarding the types of weapons or means used to inflict fatal injuries and the types of places where injuries occurred. Individual factors and dispositions that may have contributed to homicides among the homeless include the use of substances such as alcohol, cocaine, opiates, and amphetamines, and involvement in circumstances such as interpersonal conflicts, crimes, or drug use or dealing. Suicides among the homeless were precipitated by crises, legal problems, and issues related to joblessness.