Health Behaviors Among the Over 75 Population in Hawaii

The 75 years old and older population (75+) is a unique, but difficult group to study, since the average life expectancy in the US is 73.6 for men and 79.4 for women. For this age group, health promotions target behaviors with direct short-term benefits and are less concerned about long-term consequences. Hawaii residents enjoy the nation's longest life expectancy (male-77, female-83), and an examination of physical activity, diet, stress and smoking behaviors can provide insight into improving quality of life for the elderly. In the spring of 2006, the Healthy Hawaii Initiative (HHI) Evaluation Team conducted a cross-sectional survey of 4,594 people statewide (410 were 75+) assessing attitudes and behaviors related to nutrition, physical activity, stress and back pain. Our study found that the 75+ population averages 85 min/week of physical activity, of the recommended 150 min/week, and reports eating a healthier diet than other age groups. Only 15% of 75+ have one or more drinks per week, with 70% reporting that they never drink alcohol. Additionally, this age group had the lowest smoking rates, with 12% currently smoking. Those 75+ report less stress and use coping strategies less often, but report a high ability to manage stress. Exercise, especially walking, should be encouraged in 75+ because it strengthens the body, is protective for many health risks and prolongs independent living. Also, quitting smoking has many short-term benefits that could greatly improve their quality of life. Exploring the lower stress levels of 75+ may be helpful for future health promotions.