Perceptions and beliefs of the role of physical activity and nutrition on brain health in older adults

Recent evidence suggests that regular physical activity (PA) and good nutrition may help maintain brain health, reducing the risk of cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, and related disorders. Very little is known about how older adults view PA and nutrition in relation to brain health. We sought to address this knowledge gap. Using a common facilitator's guide, we conducted focus groups in nine states with white, African American, Asian, American Indian, Hispanic/Latino, Chinese, and Vietnamese adults ages 50 and older, using purposive sampling. Using grounded theory and constant comparison methods, transcripts were independently coded and analyzed for themes, issues, and beliefs. We analyzed results from 41 focus groups, with 379 participants. All racial/ethnic groups mentioned that PA maintains brain health. Walking was the type of PA most often mentioned, followed by dancing and yard work. Frequency, intensity, and/or duration of PA were mentioned in white, African American, American Indian, and Vietnamese groups; however, the groups' views about adequate levels for these measures varied greatly. Chinese participants emphasized the value of PA in Chinese culture, “but not overdoing it.” When informed that research suggests healthy diets may promote brain health, participants said they would improve diets, but were uncertain about their commitment. They emphasized that environmental barriers to good nutrition were common. Results help to inform the development of communication messages and interventions to promote PA, good nutrition, and brain health among older adults. Knowledge of the link between health behaviors and brain health may motivate older adults to adopt healthier lifestyles.