Obesity among Samoans living in Seattle: A qualitative analysis

Purpose: With the high prevalence of obesity among Samoans, this population is at risk for cardiovascular diseases. The objectives of this study are: 1) to understand factors promoting obesity; 2) to identify Samoan dietary habits that both contribute to and deter obesity; and 3) to identify barriers to and facilitators of physical activity in the Samoan community. Method: We are completing 4 focus groups with adult Samoans living in Seattle, Washington, by using an ethnographic approach. Samoans over 18 years of age are recruited by convenience sampling. All focus groups are conducted in English, audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for content. Results: Preliminary results show that Samoans face substantial challenges in preventing obesity. Dietary issues associated with overweight and obesity include consumption of traditional Samoan foods that are high in carbohydrates, frequent visits to fast food restaurants, and lack of vegetable intake. Participation in physical activities is low because of lack of time, financial issues, concern for personal safety, and a cultural attitude described as “laid back.” Awareness of the negative consequences of obesity (e.g., diabetes) is low because little attention is paid to physical appearance, cultural norms do not recognize large body size as a problem, and little understanding exists regarding the contribution of obesity to developing chronic illness. Conclusions: Education in this population requires understanding Samoan culture, traditional beliefs, and ways of life. Efforts should start at the level of family and community to empower Samoans to make healthy choices.