Foreign-born cases of HIV/AIDS in New Mexico

Between 1990 and 2000, the number of foreign-born residents in New Mexico (NM) increased by 86%. In 2000, this population represented 8% of the total NM population. Although foreign-born persons make up only slightly more (9%) of the HIV epidemic in NM, the epidemiology of these populations must be understood to maximize prevention efforts.

Data were collected using the HIV/AIDS Reporting System. Country of birth has been recorded using standard case report forms since reporting began in 1981 and 1998 for AIDS and HIV, respectively. This information is obtained from medical records and/or health care providers. Legal status of foreign-born persons is not obtained.

Most foreign-born cases in NM were born in Mexico and Central America (75%). Compared to those born in the U.S., a greater proportion of foreign-born cases have not progressed to an AIDS diagnosis. However, foreign-born cases were more likely to be diagnosed with AIDS concurrently with their initial HIV diagnosis. Women make up a greater proportion of foreign-born cases (15%) than US born cases (10%).

Although foreign-born cases of HIV infection were less likely to have progressed to AIDS, they were more likely to be late testers; this may indicate that HIV is emerging in this population in NM. U.S. policy currently prohibits persons with HIV from visiting or immigrating to the U.S. without a difficult to obtain waiver. This may inhibit foreign-born persons who are at risk for HIV from trying to obtain legal status, or delay testing and treatment for infection.