Perceptions of prostate cancer risk and screening behaviors among African American men

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of death in the U.S. In SC, the death rate from PCa for AA men is nearly three times higher than for whites. Men diagnosed with late stage PCa often have limited understanding of PCa and screening practices. The purpose of this study was, in part, to examine older AA men's understanding of PCa and prevention behaviors. Methods: A purposive sample of 25 SC AA men aged 50+ years, participated in 6 focus groups and 6 interviews. An 8-item interview guide provided structure for the taped discussions. Tapes were transcribed; analysis was performed using NVivo®. Coding and analysis were driven by the data collected; recurrent themes were examined across all interviews. Results: Mean age of participants was 55.5±1.06, 52% had high school or some college education. There were mixed perceptions about the risk factors, causes and screening for PCa. Some participants thought PCa was caused by sexual behaviors and exposure to airborne elements, while others identified diet and physical activity as risk behaviors. Most said that older age, “heredity” and race increased risk. Many felt that PCa “ain't no joke” and spoke honestly about their fears related to PCa diagnosis. Embarrassment about talking about a “taboo” subject like PCa emerged. One participant mentioned PSA testing and digital rectal exam was not mentioned as a screening option. Conclusion: Misperceptions and lack of knowledge about screening procedures place men at risk for PCa. Prevention education and promotion strategies for addressing these barriers are needed.