Developing Health Communication Tools for Hispanic/Latino Audiences: The Fotonovela

Background: According to the US Census, Spanish is the primary language of more than 14 percent and is spoken by approximately 28 percent of the U.S. population. Language and cultural issues can become barriers to health information access and understanding among Hispanic/Latino individuals. Fotonovelas are useful, effective, and culturally appropriate tools for communicating health-related information to Hispanic/Latino audiences. They are particularly useful in addressing literacy concerns and stigma surrounding certain public health/social issues. Conducting research is critical to inform the development of fotonovelas. We present a three-pronged research approach for developing a fotonovela.

Methods: First, to build the basis for the fotonovela background, interviews are conducted with providers who focus on the target health topics and target audiences. Next, information and storyline concepts are developed and tested with the target audience using storyboard mock ups for portions of the fotonovela. Finally, we use the findings to modify the storyline and conduct final audience testing using a mock up of the entire fotonovela with providers and client participants. The final fotonovela is modified and produced using this input.

Results: Systematic research using provider and user input enables the development and dissemination of effective and culturally appropriate fotonovelas. Fotonovelas can be used simultaneously by providers and clients to enhance communication or can be used by clients alone, as learning tools.

Conclusions: Carefully constructed fotonovelas can increase cultural competence among providers who work with diverse audiences. Conducting systematic research during the development of fotonovelas increases their utility and relevance to the target audience.