Community perceptions of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and associated negative health effects

Research has demonstrated that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure may be associated with cancers of the digestive system, malignant melanoma, reproductive deficiencies, immunogical changes, and dermatological changes. Anniston, AL has a history of significant contamination from the production of PCBs and has been the focus of media reports, litigation, and remediation. However, no study has examined the community's beliefs about exposure to PCBs and potential negative health effects. A representative sample of 1110 randomly selected adults in Anniston was recently interviewed in person. Respondents were asked about their beliefs about PCB exposure and health effects in general and about perceptions of their own exposure and its effects on their own health. Results showed almost all respondents were aware of PCB contamination and litigation in Anniston. Respondents believed that, in general, PCBs have severe negative health effects on humans and most frequently reported PCBs being related to cancer, birth defects, child development problems, and reproductive problems. Two-thirds of respondents believed they have been personally exposed to PCBs at a high level. Two-thirds of those who believe they were exposed said they have suffered severe negative health effects as a result including allergies, breathing problems, cardiovascular disease, mental or emotional problems, skin rashes, and thyroid problems. Consequently, many respondents were extremely worried about PCB contamination and had lower quality of life ratings. Further analyses revealed group differences in perceptions and ratings by gender, race, and place of residence. The implications of these findings for public education in a contaminated community are also discussed.