Social-cultural factors associated with cervical cancer and HPV prevention in Panama

Background: Cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) continue to be an important public health problem in Latin America. Few related studies on sociocultural factors have been conducted in Panama. Objective: The overall goal of this NIH funded study is to determine HPV and cervical cancer knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors (KABB) as well as community and environmental factors related to Pap smear screening and HPV vaccine acceptability among participants residing in a highly populated district in Panama. Methods: We will report on phase I of the study were we collected qualitative data in the form of focus groups and community advisory meetings to guide the development of a quantitative structured questionnaire. A community-based participatory process and Social Cognitive Theory were used to conduct the study on cervical cancer and HPV knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors. Results: Men and women in Panama generally lack knowledge and awareness on HPV and its association with cervical cancer and men play an important role in women's screening seeking behavior. An HPV vaccine would be widely accepted among women in Panama. Socio-cognitive factors negatively affect participation in women's screening programs. Discussion: The data are preliminary findings of a large scale quantitative population-based study, which will help develop and implement prevention and immunization strategies among women living in the San Miguelito district of Panama City (HPV prevalence >52%). Studying reproductive health in Panama can assist the understanding of Latina women's health issues in the U.S.