HIV risk patterns among high school girls in Trinidad and Tobago

Background: This study examined sex and drug use HIV risk behaviors among high school girls, 12-18 years old, in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T).

Methods: Surveys and focus groups were conducted among high school students. Focus group discussions gathered information on peer group sexual and drug use behaviors. Responses from female survey participants (N=67) provided additional information on age of sexual initiation, behaviors, risks, substance use, and HIV testing.

Results: Focus groups participants reported that female peers were sexually active, had multiple sexual partners, and were engaging in unprotected sex, high alcohol consumption, and marijuana use. Approximately 23% of the female survey participants had had sex. Among those who were sexually active 80% had their first sexual experience in high school. Fifty percent did not use condoms or contraception in the past 12 months. Over 94% of all girls had never taken an HIV test and 3/4 of them did not know where to go for testing. Eighty percent used alcohol, which was higher than boys, and half had their first drink before age twelve. Most obtained alcohol from home and business establishments. Marijuana use was low, more girls used than boys.

Conclusion: Early involvement in alcohol use and sexual activities with low condom use are risk patterns that set the stage for negative outcomes. Sex, substance use, and HIV testing education, are needed in high schools in T&T. Education does not necessarily translate into behavior change but is important for assisting girls to understand sexuality, sexual health and disease processes.