Exploring the association between breast cancer mammography, co-morbid conditions & perceived risk

Background: Mammography is a critical component for declines in breast cancer morbidity and mortality. Diabetes and obesity are risk factors for breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to explore the association between breast cancer mammography utilization, diabetes, obesity and perceived risk for breast cancer.

Methods: Utilizing the CDC's National Health Interview Survey 2005, a sample of women aged 45 and older with no history of breast cancer was selected (N=9,022). A total of 4,804 women were included in the subsequent regression analysis.

Results: Approximately 83% of the sample were white with 17% ≤ 125% of the federal poverty threshold. Those who routinely received a mammogram were more likely to be aged 65 to 74(OR=1.606), with a moderate (OR=.380) to high income (OR=.606) and a usual source of care (p=.000). Those that perceived their breast cancer risk to be < (OR=3.019) or = (OR=1.691) to the risk for the average woman were also more likely to utilize screening as compared to women who perceived a greater risk. Additional factors were significantly associated with mammography including a physician recommendation in the last year (p=.000), smoking status (p=.000), BMI (p=.047) and having diabetes (p=.046).

Conclusion: Key segments of the population should be targeted for future education efforts including women aged 45-65 and 75+. Disparities continue to persist for individuals with compromised access to care or limited income. Perceived risk is a key element in motivating individuals to ascertain breast cancer mammography. Health education efforts should include targeted risk communication, particularly for individuals with co-morbid conditions.