Case study methodology for studying global sex trafficking of women and girls through a public health lens

Background

Sex trafficking of women and girls is a major public health concern in the U.S. and overseas. Nearly 2 million children, mostly girls, are trafficked globally each year, with well-documented deleterious physical and mental health effects. However, a greater understanding of social determinants, and the potential of local health systems to address sex trafficking is needed.

Purpose

This research examines sex trafficking of women and girls in 8 cities around the world using a multiple-case study approach pioneered in political science and other non-health fields. Studying sex trafficking through case studies provides in-depth insights into the complex nature of this practice and the capacity of local health systems to respond accordingly.

Methods

Case study city site selection criteria included prevalence and adequate local public health infrastructure. Each case study examined salient constructs related to sex trafficking (e.g., gender inequality, access to health) in each city. Pairs of researchers conducted in-person interviews of key informants (health providers, NGO staff, government officials) until theoretical saturation was attained. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative research software. Findings from interviews were triangulated with other information sources (e.g. existing reports or other documents).

Results

Case studies have been completed in New York and Rio de Janeiro, underway in Salvador (Brazil) and Mumbai (India), and are planned for Los Angeles, London, with 2 final cities to be determined.

Conclusions

Findings may identify factors that impede or facilitate local health systems' ability to respond to sex trafficking, and advance strategies for helping trafficked women and girls.