Development of a Tailored Physical Activity Intervention for Middle-Age and Older African American Men

Background: Few effective interventions exist that target the preventive health behaviors of middle-aged and older African American (AA) men. The purpose of this study was to derive pertinent information through personal interviews to develop a tailored physical activity (PA) intervention for AA men >45 years of age. Methods: A 5-person research team was complimented by a community advisory board of 5 AA men to develop study procedures, interview guides, and recruitment strategies, and to interpret the findings. Participants included 49 AA men age 45-88 years (71% married, 74% >1 year of college, 68% income >$50,000, 47% retired) of which 87% reported their health as good to excellent despite 71% being overweight/obese and 75% having a chronic condition. Personal interviews were conducted with participants prompted by questions to ascertain PA barriers, enablers, and preferences, and components that would render a PA program appropriate for and appealing to AA men of similar age. Taped interviews were transcribed and uploaded to NVivo for analysis. Common themes of the conversations were extracted by multiple research staff. Results: The men felt strongly that a PA program should be convenient and accessible to AA men of varying circumstances. They stated that baseline health and fitness assessments should be included to tailor the program to individual needs and create motivation for change. Participants emphasized gradual progression to build confidence and avoid injury and discouragement. Healthy competition clearly emerged as a common theme and was associated with team spirit, fun, ego, and camaraderie. The men fervently stressed the use of financial and social enablers such as low cost incentives/prizes, and regularly promoting social interaction among program participants. The men repeatedly called attention to the need for education about the aging process and chronic conditions men may encounter if they fail to take charge of their health. Conclusions: This qualitative research process yielded a wealth of new and insightful information that was used to develop a tailored PA and health program for middle-aged and older AA men called Active & Healthy Brotherhood.