Implementation of Active & Healthy Brotherhood: A Tailored Physical Activity Program for Middle-Age African American Men

Background: This pilot study tested the feasibility and initial efficacy of implementing a physical activity (PA) behavior change intervention for middle-aged African American (AA) men. Methods: Intervention components were based on information gathered during an extensive formative research phase preceding the intervention, as well as proven behavior change principles. Participants were recruited via a community wellness center membership, churches, mass media, and word of mouth. Eligibility criteria were being an underactive AA male age 45-66 years. Following orientation, participants attended 60-90 minute program sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks. Session topics specific to PA included overcoming barriers, gaining social support, setting goals, tracking progress, integrating into lifestyle, and activity demonstrations. Other topics centered on men's health issues and healthy cooking/eating. A community service project was also incorporated. Participants were assigned to teams to facilitate group discussion, problem-solving, accountability, and camaraderie. Pre- and post-program assessments measured self-efficacy, social support, self-regulation, PA level, aerobic fitness, flexibility, and lower leg strength. A post-program survey was used to assess satisfaction with specific program components. Results: 28 AA men (mean age = 54.7 + 4.8 yrs) participated in the program. Most were married, had attended some college, had incomes > $50,000/year, and self-reported health conditions (75% hypertension, 64% high cholesterol, 29% diabetes, 25% arthritis, 89% overweight/obese). Individual session attendance ranged from 63%-93%. The completion and submission of weekly activity logs ranged from 70%-93%. After 8 weeks, significant (p < .05) positive changes were observed for moderate-vigorous and overall PA (hr/wk), self-efficacy for PA, social support for PA, self-regulation for planning and goal setting, and each fitness component. Satisfaction with the program, based on 14 post-survey items, was very high. Participants responded most favorably to statements indicating they would participate in the program again, found the program enjoyable, would recommend the program to a friend, and now know more about staying healthy, being physically active, and eating better. Conclusions: The extremely positive results attest to the feasibility of successfully engaging AA men in a tailored PA behavior change program developed via a thorough formative research process.