Formative research to guide the development of theory-based messages promoting physical activity and cognitive health for older adults

Messages promoting physical activity (PA) to maintain cognitive health (CH) may be a useful way to increase PA and enhance CH among older persons. This study used the Extended Parallel Processing Model and Elaboration Likelihood Model, to examine older adults' perceptions of PA and CH, and recommendations for communication promoting PA and CH. Using a semi-structured discussion guide, we conducted 10 focus groups with irregularly active African American (n=28) and White (n=27) older persons (62% female) aged 65-74 living in a southern U.S. state. Verbatim transcriptions were analyzed using Atlas.ti. Participants' perceived cognitive decline as a severe threat, and were most concerned about losing their independence and being a “family burden”. Most participants, especially those with family history of cognitive impairment, reported feeling susceptible to cognitive decline. Most recognized the link between PA and CH; several white men said the association was not clear. Participants recommended a wide range for the amount of PA needed to achieve CH benefits. Many were hesitant to suggest a specific PA frequency or duration as “people have different capabilities.” Participants recommended that fear-based messages be avoided. Many suggested empirical evidence of the benefits of PA for CH be included to enhance message credibility and response efficacy. Participants suggested messages be paired with interventions incorporating social support as a way to increase self efficacy for PA. Results suggest a need for evidence based, credible communication promoting PA and CH among older persons, and the importance of pairing communication with PA opportunities incorporating social support.