Exploring perceptions about socio-environmental determinants of a healthy diet and physically active lifestyle among Alaska Native youth: A step toward obesity prevention

Background: Yup'ik Eskimo youth living in rural communities are at elevated risk for developing obesity and related chronic diseases. Previous research has identified dietary and lifestyle behaviors that may contribute to an increase in obesity among Yup'ik youth; few if any studies, however, have examined how their unique environment contributes to these behaviors.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to explore perceptions from residents of a rural Yup'ik community pertaining to: 1) socio-environmental factors that impact healthful eating and physical activity; and 2) ideas for interventions that could successfully promote a healthy lifestyle among Yup'ik youth.

Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of Yup'ik Eskimos including 7 youth, 11 parents and 2 teachers. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted using Atlas-ti. Results/discussion: Participants shared the perception that youth consume an unhealthy diet based predominately on imported market foods, to the exclusion of native foods. Availability and cost of healthful foods (such as fruits and vegetables) emerged as an important factor, suggesting that these factors may pose barriers to healthful eating. Participants indicated that beyond everyday chores and subsistence activities, opportunities for physical activity are scarce; a community center providing activities for youth was proposed as a solution. Findings underscore the importance of an in-depth understanding of the unique socio-environmental factors influencing eating and physical activity in rural communities and provide a first step toward developing a conceptual model for obesity prevention among Alaska Native youth.