Analysis of the Use of Evidence-based Cancer Prevention Strategies in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program

Current national efforts emphasize the translation of evidence-based research into practice for maximum effectiveness. The objective of this study was to assess the participant recruitment strategies used by the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) grantees, measure use of evidence-based sources, and evaluate the extent to which the activities matched evidence-based cancer prevention strategies. In addition, we explored barriers to using evidence-based strategies and dissemination strategies for evidence-based activities. The NBCCEDP funds screening and diagnostic services for breast and cervical cancer for low-income women through contracts with state, territory and tribal public health agencies. Data were collected through telephone interviews with recruitment coordinators. Sixty-one coordinators participated in the study (90% response rate). The top recruitment strategies used among the 340 activities reported were: one-on-one education or counseling (78.5%), mass media (76.9%), educational materials (75.4%) and patient reminders (75.4%); these categories were not mutually exclusive. Fifty-nine percent of recruitment coordinators reported using Cancer Control PLANET, while 39% reported using the Community Guide and 20% used Research-Tested Intervention Programs (RTIPS). Of the 309 reported recruitment activities focusing on breast and cervical cancer, 66% matched the Community Guide-recommended evidence-based strategies for cancer control and prevention. Barriers to using evidence-based strategies included: 1) lack of funding, 2) lack of applicability to the target population, and 3) lack of time. Dissemination strategies that were effective to promote evidence-based strategies were learning about it from a colleague (21%), through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or from American Cancer Society (13%).