Laying a foundation for reproductive health and HIV prevention among recent immigrant Latinas in Central North Carolina: A community-based participatory research approach

Background: Research suggests that Latinas living in the U.S. are disproportionately affected by HIV and other STIs, and that barriers to accessing care and limited knowledge about specific women's health issues may lead to Latinas' decreased utilization of sexual and reproductive health services. These health disparities are reflected in the experiences of many North Carolina Latinas, particularly recent immigrants.

Methods: We conducted 4 focus groups totaling 43 Latina participants and 8 interviews with Latina-serving practitioners in central NC. Topics of inquiry included: Latinas' perceptions of and concerns about sexual and reproductive health and providers' perceptions of Latinas' principal sexual and reproductive health challenges.

Results: Findings revealed: lack of communication and education within Latino communities about sexual health and potential consequences of sexual activity; shame and embarrassment related to clinical exams and conversations about sex; and contraceptive misinformation. Participants suggested that an intervention include basic information about HIV/AIDS, STIs, and associated risks and prevention methods; education about contraceptives and pregnancy; the importance of physical exams; and ways to communicate about sex with partners and providers. Healthcare provider suggestions were congruent with those of the focus group participants. Additionally, they recommended including basic education about anatomy, the reproductive system, legality of abortion in the U.S., how to access women's health services, and how gender roles influence women's health.

Conclusions: A CBPR approach, coupled with consideration of recommendations from existing interventions and the literature, is effective in guiding the structure of a sexual health intervention with and for recent Latina immigrants.