Perceptions, beliefs, and health behaviors of breast cancer survivors: An application of the Protection Motivation Theory

Introduction: The incidence of breast cancer in northern Ohio is higher than state and national rates. Breast cancer survivors can provide insights to help improve early detection and prevention of breast cancer recurrence.

Purpose: To understand breast cancer survivors' perceptions, beliefs, health behaviors, and cancer screening behaviors related to cancer recurrence.

Methods: A valid questionnaire based on the Protection Motivation Theory was mailed (3-wave mailing with $ 1 incentive) to a random sample of 700 survivors (18-county region in northern Ohio).

Results: 406 surveys were completed (58%). Cancer had negative impact on sexual life (24%), financial status (21%), and mental health (17%). Cancer had a positive impact on support received from others (80%), spiritual health (71%), and view of physicians (66%). 38% of survivors believed that their odds of recurrence were low; 30% believed that the health consequences of recurrence would be severe. Survivors believed that healthy diet (75%), regular exercise (71%), positive attitude (67%), and stress reduction (63%) prevent breast cancer recurrence. Yet only 36% of survivors had a healthy diet and 35% exercised regularly; 16% had engaged in at least one episode of heavy drinking in the last 30 days. Although 18% were not convinced of the efficacy of self-breast exams, the vast majority were “likely” to “very likely” to get the recommended clinical breast exams (88%) and mammograms (86%).

Conclusion: Gaining a better understanding of the beliefs of cancer survivors' can help public health experts to improve the quality and quantity of life for this target population.