Intimate partner violence and HIV syndemic among MSM: Gaining a better understanding of disease overlap

Background: Social marginalization and homophobia often foster the production of syndemics and health disparities among MSM populations. Despite findings of the overlap between intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV in various at-risk populations, research among MSM continues to be limited. A systematic literature review was conducted with the primary objectives of synthesizing relevant literature addressing the intersection of HIV and IPV among MSM, summarizing and critiquing this set of literature, and discussing the implications for future research and practice.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of HIV and IPV among MSM resulted in the synthesis of 19 studies in the U.S.. Articles were considered for full review if they met with previously established inclusion criteria. The final set of literature was analyzed for general content and matters related to research design and methodology.

Results: Rates of MSM-specific IPV ranged from 12% to 56%. Prevalence of various forms of IPV among HIV positive MSM was revealed. Partner abuse was associated with risky sexual behavior, thereby placing MSM at greater risk for HIV. Age, race, and childhood abuse were identified as correlates in this dual epidemic. Several studies also noted the co-occurrence of substance abuse, partner violence, and HIV as a trend among MSM.

Conclusion: The small set of literature regarding the HIV and IPV syndemic suggests excess burden of disease in MSM populations. Sound research design, measurement, and community-based participatory approaches are ultimately required for the development of MSM-specific interventions and prevention programs that tackle and stunt these mutually reinforcing epidemics.