University counseling center practices regarding guidance on the health effects of religious/spiritual involvement

This study assessed the perceptions and practices of university counseling professionals regarding their provision of guidance on the health effects of religious/spiritual involvement. The membership of the AUCCD was used to identify a national cross-section of university counseling centers. One psychologist, counselor, or social worker from each center was selected (N = 623). A valid and reliable survey instrument was developed, and a three-wave postal mailing procedure was used to maximize the return rate (52%). Respondents agreed that religious/spiritual involvement has a positive influence on the health of college students (77%), but were unsure or disagreed (66%) that university counseling professionals should advise clients as such. Approximately one-third (31%) had never seriously thought about doing so. The majority (67%) indicated that discussions of religiosity/spirituality and health “should occur only with clients who indicate that religion/spirituality is important to them.” Respondents were predominantly (52%) unsure that such discussions would result in a reduction of health risks; however, nearly half (48%) indicated that these would enhance personal recovery. Relatively few (21%) discussed the physical health effects of religiosity/spirituality with their clients. A plurality (35%) had received no formal training in this area. Respondents who had received information/training, and those who indicated higher levels of personal religiosity/spirituality, were significantly more likely to be in the action or maintenance stage and to report higher self-efficacy and more positive outcome expectations regarding the provision of guidance on the health effects of religious/spiritual involvement. Recommendations for clinical training, university counseling centers, and future research are offered.