Changes in HIV-related behaviors and their determinants in Tanzania 2003-2008

Background: While knowledge of HIV prevention is fairly widespread in Tanzania, prevention practice is far from common. This study examines changes in selected sexual behaviors among Tanzanian men and women aged 15-49 between 2003 and 2008 and their determinants.

Methods: Data come from two Tanzania AIDS Indicator Surveys in 2003-04 and 2007-08 (n=12,522 and 16,318, respectively). These are cross-sectional surveys of nationally representative samples of men and women aged 15-49. A number of indicators on HIV-related behavior, attitudes, and knowledge as well as individual-level basic socio-demographic measures were collected. We compare changes in HIV-related indicators within the five-year period. Bivariate and multivariate analyses then are used to examine determinants of HIV-related behaviors and their changes during this period.

Results: Preliminary analyses show that between 2003-04 and 2007-08, the number of sex partners within the 12 months before the surveys was slightly reduced. On the other hand, there was evidence of increased polygamous practice among those who were married (from 10% to 18%). Meanwhile, the use of condom at last sex remained at 15%. Alcohol consumption by either partner at last sex was minimal – 3.7% in 2003-04 and 1.6% in 2007-08. Gender, education, wealth, current employment, and exposure to the media (newspapers, TV, and radio) were associated with risky behaviors.

Implications: More in-depth multivariate analyses will be conducted. Results have important implications in explaining changes in proximate factors influencing the epidemic and the design of HIV intervention programs in Tanzania.