School-based disrespect among middle and high school youth

Background: Factors such as school climate and school connectedness have been shown to protect youth from involvement in violence and bullying. However, a paucity of studies has examined students' perceptions regarding school-based disrespect. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine students' definitions of respect and disrespect, perceived problems stemming from disrespect in the school, factors contributing to school-based disrespect, and potential interventions to increase school-based respect. Methods: A total of 9 focus groups were conducted with middle and high school students (N = 78) in nine urban, suburban and rural schools to examine students' perceptions regarding school-based disrespect. Dual issues of topics were explored and a grounded theoretical approach was used to examine youth perceptions and to ensure that all follow-up questions were formulated based strictly on participants' responses and not on any preconceived notions. Results: Teasing and making fun of others were the most common definitions of disrespect. Students felt disrespect was caused by trying to fit into a group; feeling jealous/insecure; wanting revenge; and racial/ethnic differences. Students cited violence, bullying, alcohol/drug use, and depression as problems occurring from disrespect. Suggested strategies to increase respect included student activities, mentoring programs, promotion of violence-free schools, assemblies, and requirement of school uniforms. Conclusions: Findings from this study should be shared with school health educators, parents and individuals interested in decreasing school-related bullying and violence. Specific strategies to decrease school-based disrespect are needed. Teachers and parents should work cooperatively to address this issue.