Chronic Kidney Disease and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults between 1998 and 2007

Background The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in metabolic syndrome (MS) and to investigate the association between MS and CKD after adjustment for socioeconomic position and health behavior factors in the general representative population in Korea in 1998 and 2007. Methods The sample included 9,170 Korean men and women aged 20 years or older. Subjects were classified into two groups based on their baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR): 1) greater than or equal to 60 mL/min/1.73 m² (non-CKD group; normal and mild renal dysfunction), and 2) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m² (CKD group; moderate, severe renal dysfunction, and renal failure). The MS was determined using National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and the Asia-Pacific criteria for obesity based on waist circumference. Results The distribution of mild renal dysfunction was 57.0% and 78.0% in 1998 and 2007, respectively (p<0.001). And the distribution of CKD was 2.2% and 4.9%, respectively (p<0.001). The adjusted odds ratio for MS was 2.32 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.58-3.417) and 2.91 (95% CI 1.55-5.47) after adjustment for confounders (age, gender, anemia, socioeconomic position, and health behavior factors) in 1998 and 2007, respectively. Conclusion This community-based random sample drawn from the entire Korean population showed that MS was significantly associated with CKD.