Comparison of the functional impact of self-reported secondary health conditions in older community-dwelling African American and Latina women using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework

Adults aging into disability are at an increased risk of developing secondary health conditions, defined as “preventable physical, mental, and social disorders resulting directly or indirectly from an initial disabling condition…” according to a recent report from the White House Conference on Aging. Secondary conditions can limit socially, psychologically, and physically constructive behaviors such as physical activity participation. Although the natural aging process is partly responsible for reductions in physiological and psychological functioning, secondary conditions are overlaid upon the natural aging process as factors that can compound, and in some cases accelerate, alterations in health and function. Sixty-nine older community-dwelling African American women and forty-seven Latina women were interviewed in separate focus groups to determine self-reported secondary health conditions and functional impact. Questions were structured by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), using personal, environmental, and social categories. Results indicated commonly reported secondary conditions for both groups were pain and fatigue. Latina women reported a greater impact from sleep problems . Among the highest reports of functional problems resulting from these health conditions for African American women were difficulty accessing proper medical care and transportation to achieve daily tasks such as grocery shopping. Latina women reported a greater social isolation and listed family relationships with their children as barriers to good health (ie, don't want to bother son/daughter).By identifying and exploring the severity and impact of certain secondary health conditions, interventions can be tailored to mitigate their adverse effects on people from various racial and cultural backgrounds.