Pre-release HIV and other STD testing among inmates in a state prison: Results of a pilot testing program

Objectives. Research suggests that inmate populations are at a significant risk for STD infection while incarcerated and when inmates are released, that risk extends to the community beyond. This study presents the results of a pilot study examining the process of identifying HIV and other STDs among inmates prior to release from a state prison and documents the self-reported prevalence of STD-related risk behaviors during incarceration. Methods. Approximately 4-6 weeks prior to scheduled release, inmates took part in a mandatory blood test and optional genital swab and physical exam to test for STDs. Rates of pre-release identification of STDs were compared with identification rates at intake into the prison and among those tested “for cause” during their prison term. At the time of pre-release testing, a behavioral risk and STD knowledge survey was also administered. Results. Pre-release testing identified 50 new cases of STDs among the 916 inmates scheduled for release during the pilot period. Trichomoniasis and hepatitis C were the most common infections with one HIV infection identified. In comparison, intake and for cause testing identified 158 (13 HIV) and 51 (1 HIV) infections, respectively. Inmates reported engaging in risky behaviors during incarceration such as tattooing (36.5%) and drug use (19.5%). Conclusion. Pre-release testing identified few new cases of STDs not identified through existing intake and for cause testing procedures. While inmates reported less risky behavior during incarceration compared to prior to incarceration, risky behaviors such as tattooing, drug use and sexual activity still persist.