Outcomes of improved fall prevention training for apprentice carpenters

Objective: We performed a comprehensive needs assessment of fall prevention training in a union carpenters' apprenticeship training program to identify gaps in apprentices' preparation to work at heights. Following revision of the fall prevention curriculum, we measured changes in knowledge, beliefs, and fall prevention behaviors.

Background: Falls from heights are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among construction workers, especially inexperienced workers and those performing residential construction.

Methods: Questionnaires (n=1,025), focus groups, and audits at 197 worksites measured fall experience, knowledge, risk perceptions, and residential worksite behaviors to determine gaps in the apprenticeship fall prevention training. Based on these data, a team of carpenter instructors and researchers revised the training curriculum to address gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, and incorporated training methods preferred by this population.

Results: Post-intervention questionnaires (n=950) and worksite audits (n=207) demonstrated significant improvements in measures of fall prevention, including knowledge of OSHA standards, perceptions of fall risks, and fall safety compliance (increased from 60% to 75% overall compliance). Improvements across all domains of home construction occurred, including floor and wall openings, truss setting, and ladder climbing. Self-reported falls from heights decreased from 16% to 13%.

Conclusions and Applications: Fall prevention knowledge and behaviors improved with training customized to meet apprentices' learning needs and preferences. In order to decrease falls, workers must be enabled to follow through with safe work practices at their worksites. Our intervention was delivered through a union apprenticeship program; other delivery methods could be used to reach non-union workers.