Qualitative aspects of HIV transmission in mobile occupations- A Global linking of Truck Drivers and Railway Workers

The issue linking Migration and HIV is global and affects developed and developing nations alike. Studies demonstrate that increased migration and mobility are risk factors in HIV transmission. Lynch and Marmot's socioeconomic debates contrast the roles played by psychosocial and neo-material influences on individual health. Furthermore, safe sexual behavior positively correlates with education and socioeconomic well being. Yet, the absence of an international multi sector approach in efforts to combat HIV spread in migrant and mobile populations, and countries heavily relying on a health sector approach model may render HIV prevention efforts ineffective over the long term. The truck driver group also shows a high prevalence of HIV- over 12 times greater than the general population according to a 2004 World Bank Report. Using the truck driver model of migrant workers we examined the qualitative aspects of HIV transmission in railway workers and construction workers across Mexico, China and India through the lens of socioeconomic status leading to engagement in high risk behaviors. An in-depth analysis of neomaterial and psychosocial trends across migrant workers reveal a lack of macro level structures, stress related to migration, increased vulnerability, loneliness and overall low self risk perception to be emerging factors in HIV related risk behavior. Knowledge of specific behaviors in addition to risk mapping tools is important when developing interventions aimed at preventing the spread of HIV. The advantage of connectivity of the railroads and roadways may become useful when implementing context-specific tailored programs addressing the needs of the migrant population.