Disparities in teens' access to Graduated Driver Licensing

Background/Purpose Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) exists in most US states and is effective in reducing motor-vehicle crashes among teens. The extent to which teens are unable to complete GDL due to disparity-based barriers is not known. This study used qualitative methods to examine GDL-related disparities encountered by teens and parents. Methods GDL-eligible, but unlicensed teens and their parents were recruited from 5 low-income MI cities (3 urban, 2 rural) to participate in focus group discussions about teen licensure through GDL. Separate teen and parent groups were conducted in each city; a total of 41 teens and 30 parents participated. Discussions included reasons teens wait until 18 to get licensed, benefits and challenges of waiting, how unlicensed teens get around, and suggestions for improvement. Discussions were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed using an open, focused coding process with constant comparison through which themes were identified. Results/Outcomes Discussions revealed reasons for GDL-related disparities included cost (particularly driver education), parent involvement, vehicle access, and driver education availability. Many teens delayed licensure until age 18 to avoid GDL. Unlicensed teens' primary means of transportation were rides with friends and parents, buses (where available), and driving unlicensed. Participants felt GDL was “prejudiced” against “average working families,” limited their licensing options and that unlicensed teens did not have acceptable transportation options; challenges were heightened for single-parent and multiple-teen families. Conclusions Program and policy recommendations, including suggestions from teens and parents on how to reduce disparities in GDL access and promote safe mobility for teens, are discussed.