An examination of social and environmental marginalization among Latinas in the South Carolina Midlands and Texas border communities

To further understanding of the social, cultural, economic, and environmental factors affecting health and health behaviors among Latinas, specifically focusing on physical activity, we conducted a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study in South Carolina (SC) Midlands and Texas (TX) Lower Rio Grande Valley communities. Data were collected through individual interviews with community leaders (SC n=15; TX n=13) and 4 focus groups with Latina residents at both sites (SC n=33; TX n=36). Focus groups were conducted in Spanish; interviews were conducted in Spanish (n=20) and English (n=8). We coded and analyzed transcripts in the source language. We initially open-coded individual transcripts and developed a common coding scheme, then proceeded with a focused coding and interpretive analysis related to marginalization. Findings highlighted various mechanisms of marginalization operating within both communities (e.g. fear, distrust, environmental barriers). Site-specific analysis indicated social marginalization among SC Latinas stemmed from perceived discrimination and racism, undocumented immigration status, language and cultural barriers, and economic limitations. Language barriers and lack of access to personal or public transportation limited utilization of local resources. Factors related to the built and natural environment (e.g. oppressive summer heat) were identified in both settings, but were more prominent in Texas. These included barriers to physical activity created by traffic hazards, unpaved roads, stray dogs, the lack of sidewalks and outdoor lighting, and gang presence. Public health initiatives with Latinas in such settings must consider the impact of social and environmental marginalization and incorporate individual, family, community, and policy approaches to encourage full incorporation and participation.