African American mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of childhood obesity and prevention

Background: Obesity among minority populations, including African American (AA) children, is a challenge with immediate and long-term consequences. Mothers, in their caregiver role, are likely to have the greatest influence on preventing childhood obesity. The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of childhood obesity among AA mothers. Methods: Qualitative data were collected through three focus groups with AA mothers (n=20) residing in Bryan/College Station, Texas. Focus groups, moderated by researchers, were one hour long. An interview guide with ten open-ended questions was used to elicit information. Groups were audio-taped, transcribed, and data was analyzed using deductive-inductive content analysis to identify categories and themes. Results: Mothers utilized tangible attributes (e.g., proper height and weight) and intangible attributes (e.g., positive self-image) as markers of a healthy child. Mothers identified several preventive variables for childhood obesity including role modeling, regular physical activity, sport participation, eating a variety of foods, and food substitutions. Barriers to engaging in obesity preventive behaviors included lack of time, limited finances, and poor knowledge regarding time-efficient meal preparation. Culture was described as a moderating factor in the understanding and rationale of obesity, food choice and preparation, and access to and participation in physical activities. Conclusion: The study suggests AA mothers understand the meaning of a healthy child and are aware of the impact of their role in their child's health, including obesity prevention. It also alludes to the role of culture in the definition of obesity and preventive strategies used by AA mothers.