Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Towards Cigarette Smoking in HIV-Positive Populations: An In- Depth Qualitative Study

It is a known fact that cigarette smoking increases the risk of chronic health problems. The National Center for Health Statistics estimates that 25.9 million men (23.9 percent) and 20.7 million women (18.1 percent) are smokers in the US. However, many studies show that these percentages are not mirrored in HIV positive populations where smoking prevalence ranges from 50%-70%. As the number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) continues to rise, cigarette smoking is one of the leading contributors and causes of chronic illness among PLWHA with further implications on disease management and healthcare costs. Current literature shows a gap in efforts around smoking cessation and PLWHA. This qualitative study identifies the knowledge,attitude, and behaviors towards cigarette smoking.To explore this population and its needs, two focus groups were conducted among PLWHA enrolled in HIV/AIDS management courses at an AIDS service organization.The population has a strong interest in quitting smoking with some successful efforts. Participants expressed an external locus of control over their cigarette addiction. Although aware of smoking consequences on health, there was a lack of knowledge with the level and severity of cigarette smoking a and how smoking impacts PLWHA as compared to non- positive populations.Participants also expressed needs that are different from non-positive populations and dissatisfaction with general smoking cessation programs. The study suggests that the needs of this population can be met with a smoking cessation program that is culturally appropriate and geared towards PLWHA and for HIV care physicians to provide consistent and thorough counseling efforts.