Hypertension in rural central India; a study of prevalence and potential risk factors

Background: The villages in the area surrounding Jamkhed, India have undergone a dramatic epidemiological transition with a shift from communicable disease to more chronic non-communicable conditions in the past two decades and due to the work of the Comprehensive Rural Health Project, a non-governmental organization operating in the area since 1970. To develop a sound prevention and management strategy we collected data on the prevalence of hypertension and its potential risk factors.

Methods: In summer 2010, we randomly surveyed households in six villages surrounding Jamkhed, a township of 40,000 in rural central India. Using an oral questionnaire, we evaluated 226 subjects above the age of 40 for risk factors for hypertension. We measured blood pressure in both arms and the abdominal girth.

Results: Mean age was 56 years old (40-85). 80% were farmers and 56% female. 30% met criteria for high blood pressure (as defined by systolic BP greater than/equal to 140 mm Hg or diastolic BP greater than/equal to 90 mm Hg) with higher rate in men. 6% were at risk of Hypertension. Increased abdominal girdle was associated with high blood pressure. Diet was carbohydrate-based with high salt intake. The most common risk factors for hypertension were tobacco use, increased abdominal girth, increased age, and family history.

Conclusion: Prevalence of high blood pressure in this rural area with subsistence farming is alarming and warrants further investigation. This study helps to raise awareness for the public and healthcare providers about hypertension. Strategies to prevent and manage hypertension should be considered.