Mothers of infants: Attitudes and behaviors related to vaccination and antiviral use during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic

Background: Infants were at relatively high risk of complications from 2009 Novel Influenza A (H1N1). Mothers play a key role in protecting infants by providing vaccine or antivirals as needed, as well as by taking these medications themselves. In order to prepare for future pandemic influenza outbreaks in which infants will likely be vulnerable again, it is useful to understand the motivators and barriers for mothers as related to vaccine and antiviral use. The current study addresses key questions about the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of women who had an infant (“new mothers”) during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Methods: We conducted an online poll with a random sample of 386 new mothers from a probability-based online panel. To increase the power of the analyses, we supplemented with 134 new mothers from an opt-in panel. Results: About three in ten (32%) new mothers received the H1N1 flu vaccine, and 35% of mothers with an infant six months or older got the vaccine for their baby. Vaccination of mothers was positively associated with: seasonal flu vaccination, concern about them or their baby getting sick, and believing the vaccine is “very safe.” Under half (48%) believed antivirals were safe for breastfeeding women, but most breastfeeding mothers (87%) would take antivirals if recommended by their physician. Conclusions: Despite recommendations for vaccination, many new mothers remain concerned about safety. Targeted education may be important in increasing vaccination rates. Safety concerns around antivirals also exist, but physician communication may motivate women to take antivirals when needed.