Association between Obesity and Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Results from the 2008 National Health Interview Survey

Introduction: Obesity is one of the most important medical problems in the US and is considered to be an epidemic with over 30% of the population being obese. Obesity is associated with increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers and a shorter life expectancy. Recent studies report that higher BMI levels are also significantly associated with psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders as well as panic attacks and panic disorders. Objectives: Evaluate the extent to which obesity increases the likelihood of Depression, Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2008 National Health Interview Survey. 20,593 adult respondents were included in the study. Main Determinant measures: Based on their BMI, the participants were classified into 5 groups: Underweight (BMI <18.50), Normal Weight (BMI 18.50 – 24.99), Overweight (BMI 25.00 – 29.99), Obese (BMI 30.00-39.99) and Morbidly Obese (BMI 40.00>). Main Outcome Measures: Presence or absence of Depression, Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder. Results: Obese individuals were 35% more likely to suffer from depression, 22% more likely to suffer from anxiety disorder and 36% more likely to suffer from panic disorder. Morbidly obese people were 85% more likely to suffer from depression, 27% more likely to suffer from anxiety disorder and 34% more likely to suffer from panic disorder. Conclusion: Higher BMI individuals have increased risk of suffering from depression and anxiety disorder. With obesity rates steadily increasing, it's impertinent to understand its impact on the incidence/prevalence of mood disorders.